{"id":12077,"date":"2025-06-26T16:58:28","date_gmt":"2025-06-26T11:28:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blockchainappfactory.com\/blog\/?p=12077"},"modified":"2025-06-26T16:58:28","modified_gmt":"2025-06-26T11:28:28","slug":"smart-contract-audit-saber-stableswap-security-solana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blockchainappfactory.com\/blog\/smart-contract-audit-saber-stableswap-security-solana\/","title":{"rendered":"Inside the Smart Contract Audit of Saber: StableSwap Math and Security of Curve-Like AMMs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ever wondered what it takes to make sure the math behind a DeFi protocol isn&#8217;t secretly bleeding users dry? Saber\u2019s recent audit grabbed headlines and for good reason. As a key player on Solana, Saber has become synonymous with efficient stablecoin swaps, and this review didn\u2019t just touch the surface\u2014it dove into the heart of its StableSwap logic.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Saber: A Solana DeFi powerhouse.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Since launching in mid\u20112021, Saber has carved its niche as the go\u2011to AMM for stablecoins and liquid\u2011staking tokens on Solana. With low fees, blazing fast speed, and billions in cumulative trading volume, it\u2019s a cornerstone of the ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Risk ahead: why now?<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> DeFi dramas from Wormhole to Crema exploits have shown that speed and low fees don\u2019t equal safety. Saber\u2019s StableSwap logic, let loose in a wild\u2011west environment, needed expert eyes to ensure the math held firm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Curve-style AMMs: the silent game-changers.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Saber\u2019s math isn\u2019t just unique\u2014it\u2019s rooted in the Curve model, designed for ultra-tight stable stablecoin swaps. This approach dramatically reduces slippage compared to generic AMMs, but it\u2019s math\u2011heavy and fragile making audits not just smart, but essential.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>The Audit Mission \u2013 What Was at Stake<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saber\u2019s smart contract audit wasn\u2019t just another item on a checklist. With millions in total value locked and complex mathematical logic driving every trade, the stakes were high across several fronts.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Protecting capital in high-throughput environments<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saber handles large volumes of stablecoin transactions with minimal slippage. This efficiency relies on precise calculations within its StableSwap algorithm. Even minor errors in logic could cause disproportionate losses or open subtle attack vectors. The audit was essential to prevent value leakage or potential manipulation under stress conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Confirming the accuracy of StableSwap logic<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The core of Saber\u2019s architecture is a modified version of Curve\u2019s StableSwap formula, adapted to Solana\u2019s performance characteristics. The audit focused on validating this formula, ensuring the amplification factor, swap invariants, and liquidity equations were implemented with mathematical correctness and consistent results under all pool conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Building institutional and community confidence<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the DeFi ecosystem, transparency and trust are earned through action. By commissioning an independent audit and disclosing the results, Saber aimed to strengthen its credibility among users, developers, and institutional partners who rely on consistent behavior from smart contracts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Key components under review<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The scope of the audit covered every part of Saber\u2019s swap engine and administrative logic:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Invariant-based math for swaps and LP share issuance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fee distribution and rounding procedures<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative access controls, including upgrade paths<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pool parameter configurations and slippage bounds<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Strategic impact for Curve-style protocols<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saber\u2019s architecture is representative of a broader class of AMMs optimized for stable assets. Findings from this audit are relevant not just for Saber, but for any protocol employing similar mathematical models. A robust audit in this case contributes to improving the reliability baseline across Solana\u2019s DeFi stack and beyond.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Audit Discoveries and Fixes<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bramah Systems audit identified critical vulnerabilities within Saber\u2019s StableSwap implementation, assigned severity levels, and provided actionable remediation. Here&#8217;s a thorough breakdown:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>A. Key Vulnerabilities Identified<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Edge-case math convergence issues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In rare high-amplification scenarios, the invariant solver didn\u2019t converge correctly, risking precision loss and imbalanced pools under extreme conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Overflow and rounding concerns<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Some multiplication and division steps lacked sufficient precision or safe boundaries, leading to potential overflow or off-by-one errors in fee calculations\u2014especially with large token balances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fee misapplication<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Poor rounding logic in fee deductions occasionally allowed unintended small profits, eroding values over multiple transactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Admin &amp; upgrade paths exposed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Certain administrative control flows (like pool parameter adjustments) lacked timelock or strict access checks, potentially enabling immediate, unauthorized changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>B. Severity Levels<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Critical<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Vulnerabilities in mathematical logic that could be exploited during swaps or LP operations, causing irreversible value extraction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Overflow and rounding issues that could erode value under normal usage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Medium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Administrative permission gaps that required tightened access controls.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These findings were clearly prioritized to drive rapid follow-up actions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>C. Fixes &amp; Improvements<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Invariant solver enhancements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Adjusted loop limits, convergence thresholds, and added fallback checks to guarantee stability even under fringe parameter ranges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Safe math wrappers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Core operations now use overflow-resistant constructs and proper boundary checks, reducing the risk of arithmetic faults.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rounding standardization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Fee deduction methods are now strictly floor-rounded, avoiding dust accumulation or unexpected profits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hardened admin controls<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Admin-only methods now strictly enforce multi-signature (multi-sig) requirements and timelocks, preventing instant or unilateral configuration changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>D. Validation of Remediation<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Unit-test augmentations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The audit prompted new test cases simulating aggressive amplification settings, near-zero balances, and repeated rapid swaps.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fuzz and symbolic testing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Automated tools probed edge cases continuously, confirming robustness under unexpected inputs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Formal invariant simulations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Auditors compared Saber math outputs to canonical implementations (e.g., Curve) across diverse configurations to ensure consistency<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"id_bx\">\n<h4 style=\"padding-bottom: 20px;\">Launching soon? Ensure your code is secure.<\/h4>\n<p><a class=\"w_t\" href=\"https:\/\/www.blockchainappfactory.com\/contact\">Get Started Now!<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><b>StableSwap Mechanics \u2013 How the Math Powers the Pool<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This section breaks down the core mathematical engine behind Saber\u2019s Curve-style AMM. Each step is essential to understand how swaps work, why amplification matters, and how the algorithm maintains stability.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>A. The Amplification Factor (A)<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Purpose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Amplification adjusts the bonding curve between a constant-sum model (zero slippage) and a constant-product model (higher slippage).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Impact<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: A higher A value makes swaps smoother\u2014close to 1:1 trades\u2014but extreme imbalances trigger more product-like behavior.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Implementation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Saber integrates A into its invariant equations and allows ramping schedules for gradual adjustments .<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>B. The Invariant (D) Calculation<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Definition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: D represents the total \u201cvalue\u201d stored in the pool considering amplification.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Role<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: During swaps or liquidity changes, D is recomputed to enforce the invariant equation. Saber mirrors Curve\u2019s algorithm, specifically <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">get_D()<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for this purpose. Industries use Newton-Raphson iterations to compute D robustly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>C. Output Amount Derivation (<\/b><b>get_y()<\/b><b>)<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Process<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: After a token is added (x increases), Saber runs <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">get_y()<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to solve for the new balance (y) of the other token to maintain D.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Algorithm<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This involves solving an n-dimensional polynomial using iterative methods similar to Curve\u2019s 3pool logic. The goal is precise and deterministic token output.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>D. Combined Curve Behavior: Sum + Product<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Curve dynamics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The invariant balances two forces:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Near equilibrium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Dominated by linear (x + y) behavior\u2014minimal slippage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Far from equilibrium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Transitions toward the product curve (x\u00b7y)\u2014protects against draining.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>E. Fee &amp; Round-offs<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fee structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Saber deducts trading fees from output (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) after <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">get_y()<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> completes, then splits those fees per protocol parameters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rounding logic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: To avoid tiny value leaks (\u201cdust\u201d) or rounding attacks, Saber floors computed outputs, delaying exposures until audit enhancements ensured safer precision handling<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Performance &amp; Gas Optimizations<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saber leverages Solana\u2019s ultra-fast chain, but even then, performance tuning ensures cost-effectiveness, speed, and precision. This section outlines where the audit highlighted opportunities for optimization and steps taken to streamline execution.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>A. Transaction Cost and Throughput in Solana<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Low-cost design built for scale<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Solana processes thousands of transactions per second, yet Saber\u2019s StableSwap logic must be lean to minimize compute units and lamport (gas) usage per swap.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Target areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Loops, iterative math, external calls, and state writes are the most resource-intensive \u2014 audit focused heavily here.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>B. Optimizing Invariant and Swap Calculations\u202f<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Converging faster<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Loop limits and thresholds in D and get_y functions were fine-tuned for quicker convergence, reducing average iteration counts without losing accuracy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Selective precision<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Higher precision is retained near equilibrium; far from it, fewer steps are used to strike a balance between speed and accuracy \u2014 reducing computation overhead.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>C. Assembly-Level Enhancements &amp; Safe-Math Usage<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Optimized arithmetic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Critical math operations now use unchecked blocks and Rust intrinsics were safe, enabling faster multiplications\/divisions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Batch wrapping<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Aggregates update operations to reduce Solana account writes, leading to fewer cross-program calls and lower transaction costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>D. State and Memory Management<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Account layouts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Structuring data to pack related fields minimizes account space and avoids costly re-serialization.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Minimized borrow and copies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Audit flagged redundant borrow patterns that, once removed, significantly trimmed instruction count and transactions per swap.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>E. Fuzzing &amp; Benchmark-Based Refinements<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Automated benchmarks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Fuzz scenarios mimicking realistic swap sequences were analyzed to profile heavy paths.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Targeted optimizations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Feedback loop resulted in reducing cost per swap by approximately 10\u201320% in common stablecoin use cases (e.g., USDC\/USDT pools).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Security Controls &amp; Safeguards<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smart contract security isn&#8217;t just about perfect math\u2014it\u2019s also about layers of control. The audit confirmed several governance and code-level defenses put in place to keep the protocol resilient and trustworthy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>A. Timelocks + Multi\u2011Signature for Governance<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Multi\u2011sig protection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Administrative actions like adjusting amplification, updating fees, or pausing contracts require multi-sig approval. This ensures no single entity holds unilateral power\u2014deposits, swaps, and withdrawals are shielded from rogue changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Time\u2011locked updates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Even after valid multi-sig approval, changes are subject to timelock delays. This window serves as a guardrail, giving users and developers time to react to governance proposals. The combination of both mechanisms\u2014multi-sig and delay\u2014drastically reduces the risk of sudden, unauthorized protocol modifications.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>B. Contract-Level Assertions &amp; Fallbacks<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Invariant guards<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Critical math functions now include built-in assertions. For example, after computing block values like <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">y<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the contract validates that results remain within expected margins before proceeding. If invariants fail, actions revert, preventing faulty swaps.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Emergency stop logic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Several contracts now feature <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pause<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> functions that can halt swaps and liquidity operations. This allows maintainers to intervene in case of detected anomalies\u2014before small errors escalate into broader protocol issues.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>C. Secure Oracle and External Call Practices<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Oracle isolation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: While Saber\u2019s StableSwap doesn\u2019t depend on price oracles during swaps, any external calls (e.g. cross-program interactions) are designed to be minimal, atomic, and safe.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited external dependencies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Minimizing reliance on outside code reduces potential vectors for exploit chains\u2014contract updates and state changes occur in tight, controlled flows.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>D. Secure Math Execution<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Safe-math wrappers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Following the audit, all sensitive operations\u2014including amplification adjustments and fee calculations\u2014now use audited math libraries with overflow checks and strict value bounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Assembly optimization with clarity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: To keep execution efficient, some math routines were optimized using low-level intrinsics. But this was done carefully, without bypassing the safe arithmetic layers necessary to prevent overflow or precision loss.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>E. Post-Audit Governance Commitments<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Public disclosure of changes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Saber published both the original audit report and subsequent patches, ensuring full transparency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Commitment to bug bounties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Saber supports public bounties, rewarding external researchers and reinforcing ongoing, community-driven defense.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Upgrade-tracking dashboards<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The team established real-time monitoring dashboards that track changes to critical parameters\u2014helping users verify that pool configurations haven\u2019t changed unexpectedly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saber\u2019s smart contract audit highlights the depth of precision, transparency, and resilience required for stablecoin-focused DeFi protocols. From math-heavy invariant checks to admin control hardening and gas optimizations, the audit not only reinforced Saber\u2019s security posture but also set a benchmark for Curve-style AMMs across ecosystems. With the right balance of formal verification, fuzz testing, and multi-layered safeguards, Saber\u2019s post-audit architecture reflects the evolving standards of decentralized finance. For projects looking to match that standard, Blockchain App Factory provides end-to-end <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blockchainappfactory.com\/smart-contract-audit\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">smart contract audit <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solutions\u2014combining rigorous code analysis, mathematical validation, and continuous monitoring to ensure your protocol earns trust before launch and beyond.<\/span><b><\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ever wondered what it takes to make sure the math behind a DeFi protocol isn&#8217;t secretly bleeding users dry? Saber\u2019s recent audit grabbed headlines and for good reason. As a key player on Solana, Saber has become synonymous with efficient stablecoin swaps, and this review didn\u2019t just touch the surface\u2014it dove into the heart of&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blockchainappfactory.com\/blog\/smart-contract-audit-saber-stableswap-security-solana\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Inside the Smart Contract Audit of Saber: StableSwap Math and Security of Curve-Like AMMs<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":12078,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[194],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Inside Saber\u2019s Smart Contract Audit: StableSwap Math &amp; DeFi Security<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore how Saber\u2019s StableSwap math was audited for precision, security, and efficiency, setting a new standard for Curve-style AMMs on Sola\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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