{"id":7838,"date":"2024-05-30T19:29:04","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T13:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blockchainappfactory.com\/blog\/?p=7838"},"modified":"2024-05-30T19:37:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T14:07:20","slug":"pessimistic-proof-for-agglayer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blockchainappfactory.com\/blog\/pessimistic-proof-for-agglayer\/","title":{"rendered":"How Does Using Pessimistic Proofs Safeguard Aggregated Blockchain Solutions?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><b>Key Takeaways:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check out the premises of aggregated blockchains pioneered by Polygon Technology and how they refine decentralized internet experiences.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Find out why existing mechanisms could hinder the effectiveness of such aggregated blockchain ecosystems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Explore how pessimistic proofs could bolster security in such a complex blockchain system that involves numerous networks.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the concept of blockchain became a reality, advancements have been going in diverse directions over the years, leading to, at best, a fragmented ecosystem that is struggling to attract global attention. In fact, only 6.8% of the world\u2019s population is estimated to hold cryptocurrencies, making us wonder why this piece of technology hasn\u2019t seen widespread reach. However, the concept of aggregated blockchains from Polygon Technology opened the chances of unifying the split ecosystem. While the progress is slow and steady, some issues have become prominent, leading to the creation of pessimistic proofs, which we will explore in detail in this blog.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Rewinding the Concept of Aggregated Blockchains<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introduced in early 2024 by Polygon as a foundational aspect driving its <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AggLayer<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, aggregated blockchains aim to provide the best of everything for users\u2014user experience, unified liquidity, scalability, and customizability. This technological solution comes as an alternative to traditional monolithic and modular blockchains, which compromise some of these facets to satisfy others.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Notably, Polygon\u2019s AggLayer acts as a unified bridge between various layer-1 and layer-2 blockchains to make this concept a real possibility. Its developers stated that the problem that led to its development was the fact that people needed to traverse between multiple blockchains for simple transactions, which took a toll on user experience in Web3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The current blockchain ecosystem is also fragmented so much that users find it challenging to conduct token transactions that often involve the usage of multiple native bridges. Such situations also open the doors for increased security concerns and reduced scalability, ultimately leading to degraded performance capabilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These aggregated blockchain solutions utilize zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) or optimistic proofs for proving transactions and registering them on the main blockchain. If a blockchain is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine or has a derivative of the EVM, the unified bridge (i.e., AggLayer) can be used to link networks without any real hassle.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Why are Existing Mechanisms a Problem for Aggregated Blockchains?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we saw in the previous section, aggregated blockchain solutions use zero-knowledge proofs and optimistic proofs to prove the existence of transactions on the main chain. But, as more number of blockchains become part of the unified bridging mechanism, a new problem arises, where each of these mechanisms tends to hinder the solution\u2019s intended functionality.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of optimistic proofs, it can take up to seven days for a transaction to fully become part of a blockchain. While this time gap sounds good within a small-scale system, bringing it into an aggregated blockchain solution would hamper the transaction process, weakening user experience as a result.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the existing ZKP solutions seem good for aggregated blockchain solutions currently, the increase in the number of networks could usher in new problems. The possibility of reduced soundness of transactions spikes as the unified bridge has to interact with networks with diverse consensus mechanisms and provenance solutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Without sufficient backups for securing the unified bridge (or relying on the safety of participant blockchains), the chances of a malicious actor from one chain jeopardizing the functioning of the whole aggregated network increase. Such possibilities are concerning, given that they are not impossible despite taking a lot of technological effort.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"id_bx\">\n<h4 style=\"padding-bottom: 20px;\">Planning to Adopt a Novel Development Pathway for Your Decentralized Business?<\/h4>\n<p><a class=\"w_t\" href=\"https:\/\/www.blockchainappfactory.com\/contact\">Schedule a 1-1 Meeting!<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><b>How Can Pessimistic Proofs Resolve the Issue?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the name suggests, pessimistic proofs assume that all participants (or blockchains in an aggregated solution) are malicious. They use a unique approach to secure the unified bridging solution that can boost the entire network\u2019s safety, enhancing user experience as a result. The main motto here is that a participant blockchain cannot withdraw more than it had deposited in its bridge contract.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Typically, the creation of pessimistic proofs involves checking three vital pieces of information that will determine the outcome:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Updates are executed correctly on the participant blockchain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The participant network executed internal accounting correctly<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All participant blockchains conduct all their accounting activities correctly<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This way, the unified aggregation layer can check each participant network for trustworthiness. This can ensure there have been no attempts to withdraw extra from the bridge other than the deposited amount. If it fails in the check, a network can only be a threat to itself and not the bridge or the others, effectively saving the aggregation from a digital apocalypse.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technically speaking, the unified bridge requires three inputs to generate a pessimistic proof:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The participant blockchain\u2019s local exit tree (indicating withdrawals) up to the previous iteration<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The list of new withdrawals to be included in the current update<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The blockchain\u2019s projected new local exit root<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The mechanism calculates the network\u2019s new exit root from the first two inputs and compares it with the third input. If they match, pessimistic proof is generated, guaranteeing the local exit root is updated correctly.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The mechanism also calculates the crypto token balances of participant blockchains before proceeding with a new global exit root. If the withdrawal balance is more than the deposited balance, the update becomes invalid, and its state cannot be verified on the layer-1 network.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, we have explored the pioneering concept of pessimistic proofs and how they function to enhance the safety of aggregated blockchain solutions. With more layer-2 networks building up on Ethereum, the need for such provenance mechanisms can bolster the security of all participant networks when using a unified bridging solution. While Polygon Technology\u2019s developers have built the mechanism to support its AggLayer, the concept is all set to capture blockchains worldwide, given its revolutionary appeal. While this solution might not be directly applicable to Web3 dApp projects, those working on their native blockchain infrastructure (especially those building an L2 on Ethereum) could tap into the mechanism to become part of a global network. Connect with our experts now to explore the possibilities and implement pessimistic proofs in your L2 solution with Polygon\u2019s solid infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways: Check out the premises of aggregated blockchains pioneered by Polygon Technology and how they refine decentralized internet experiences. Find out why existing mechanisms could hinder the effectiveness of such aggregated blockchain ecosystems. Explore how pessimistic proofs could bolster security in such a complex blockchain system that involves numerous networks. Since the concept of&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blockchainappfactory.com\/blog\/pessimistic-proof-for-agglayer\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">How Does Using Pessimistic Proofs Safeguard Aggregated Blockchain Solutions?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":7839,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[2006,776,1592,2005],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Does Using Pessimistic Proofs Safeguard 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